LaNGUaGE pRoFiCiENCY aMoNG iMMiGRaNTS aND THE ESTaBLiSHMENT oF iNTERETHNiC RELaTioNS. a CoMpaRaTiVE aNaLYSiS oF BiLBao, LiSBoN aND RoTTERDaM

Despite the increasing interest in exploring language proficiency among immigrants as a quintessential element for their economic integration in the host country, less attention has been devoted to the social impacts that destination-language proficiency may have on enhancing interethnic contacts between immigrants and the native population. this research aims to shed light on this latter topic, discussing if being a native-speaker immigrant in the host country or, for those immigrants who are non-native speakers, having a stronger command of the destination-language may increase their likelihood of interacting with the native population. Moreover, we question if there are significant differences in the interaction patterns between these two groups and the natives, presenting the cities of Bilbao, Lisbon and rotterdam as a territorial frame. the analysis is based on data gathered through the GeitOnies survey. the results obtained indicate that native-speaker immigrants generally tend to show more interaction with the natives. nevertheless, for immigrants not sharing such cultural similarity, those with a higher level of second-language proficiency clearly show stronger bonds with the native population; in both cases this can also be related to individual, group or place related variables.